Uveal melanoma, sometimes called ocular melanoma, is a type of cancer that affects the uvea, the middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels, pigment cells (melanocytes), and provides nutrients and oxygen to the retina. It is a rare form of melanoma derived from the melanocytes in the uvea, accounting for only about 5% of all cases of melanoma in the United States.
Uveal melanoma can develop in different parts of the uvea, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Choroidal melanoma is the most common site (90% of all uveal melanomas) followed by ciliary body (6%) and iris (4%) melanomas.
The rate new cases of uveal melanomas have remained fairly consistent over the last three decades across the world.
Uveal melanoma may not cause any symptoms in its early stages, and it may be detected during a routine eye exam with pupil dilation, which is the best way to screen for uveal melanoma. However, as the tumor grows, it can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other eye conditions, so it's important to see an eye doctor if you experience any changes in your vision or eye health. If uveal melanoma is suspected, your doctor may perform additional tests, such as an ultrasound or biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis. Early detection and treatment of uveal melanoma can improve the chances of a successful outcome.
Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma, accounting for only about 5% of all cases. About -5000 cases of uveal melanoma are diagnosed each year in the United States.
Uveal melanoma is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. While it is a rare form of melanoma, if undiagnosed, it can be aggressive and can spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver (most common organ for uveal melanoma to spread to), lungs, brain, kidney, and bones. In fact, up to 50% of patients with uveal melanoma will develop metastatic disease, which can be life-threatening.
The prognosis for uveal melanoma depends on a number of factors, including the size and location of the tumor, the extent of its spread, and the patient's overall health. In general, smaller tumors that have not spread beyond the eye have a better prognosis than larger tumors or those that have spread to other parts of the body.
Uveal melanoma is a rare type of cancer that can affect anyone, but it is more common in certain groups of people. Some of the factors that may increase the risk of developing uveal melanoma include:
It's important to note that many people who develop uveal melanoma do not have any known risk factors, and the exact cause of the disease is not fully understood. If you are concerned about your risk of developing uveal melanoma, talk to your healthcare provider. They can help you understand your risk factors and recommend appropriate screening tests or preventive measures.
The exact cause of uveal melanoma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to mutations that occur in the pigment cells of the eye. These mutations can cause the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the development of a uveal tumor. The mutations found in uveal melanoma are distinct from those found in other melanoma subtypes.
The treatment of uveal melanoma depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:
In 2022, a new type of Immunotherapy called, Tebentafusp (Kimmtrak), was approved by the FDA to treat uveal melanoma that cannot be removed or has spread to other parts of the body. It works by bridging together tumor and immune T cells, which helps the body’s immune system to locate and kill the uveal melanoma cells. Learn more about Tebentefusp and who is eligible to receive it.
Your healthcare provider will work with you to determine the best treatment plan for your individual needs. It's important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of each treatment option, as well as any potential side effects, with your healthcare provider.
For patients facing rare melanoma subtypes, including those with uveal melanoma, it’s important to see a doctor who specializes in treating patients with your specific type of melanoma. Learn more about choosing your doctor and getting a second opinion for uveal melanoma.